Judul : Ketamin (Obat Hewan)
link : Ketamin (Obat Hewan)
Ketamin (Obat Hewan)
Sifat Chemical
Ketamine adalah golangan phenylcyclohexylamine, merupakan "rapid-acting general anesthesia without barbiturates" is popular for use, but catalar sebagay nama dagang. First introduced in 1965 by Domino Carson, it is used for general anesthesia. (Senapati Mangku, 2010)
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| Chemical formula of ketone |
Ketamine is white, crystalline, with a boiling point of 258-261 ° C, characteristic properties, the pH of the liquid mineral sludge is high.
Ketamine dapat menguk sekara compatible dalam kosa yang sama, namun kanga megen ketamine dengan barbiturate or zepam dalam satu kosa or intravena yang sama karena prepitasi dapat tadarihan (Plumb, 2005).
Pharmacology
It has a very strong analgesic effect, but the hypnotic effect is weak, accompanied by a decision-making effect. Pada Mata causes tears, nystagmus, sudden opening of the eyelids. Pada jantung can increase blood pressure and heart rate. Dan Pada Othot Dapat Ke Jang-Kejang (Mangku Dan Senapati, 2010)
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| Product and sedan Ketin |
According to Plumb (2005), ketamine is a fast-acting general anesthetic and also has high analgesic activity and heart rate suppression. The fungus can cause anesthesia and dementia.
Ketamine contains GABA (gamma-aminobutyric acid) and serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine and the CNS. The thalamonocrotic system suppresses this active limbic system. Induction anesthesia pada from stages I to II, tapit tidak pada staidum III. Pada Kusing, dapat meladan ringan hypothermic effect, visiting body temperature 1.6 0 C after drug administration.
It is said that the effect on muscle tone can be different, but ketamine can usually cause an increase in muscle tone or not cause it at all. Ketamine tidak melangis pinnal and foot reflexes, light bike, corneal, laryngeal or pharyngeal reflexes.
The cardiovascular system includes heart rate , heart rate, mean blood pressure, pulmonary artery pressure, and central venous pressure. Peripheral reports of Efeknya pada seluh daya tahan vary.
The cardiovascular effect is secondary to increased sympathetic tone, which has a negative inotropic effect if the ketamine sympathetic system is closed. Ketamine does not significantly depress the respiratory system, but the dose is less than the respiratory rate.
Objection
Ketamine is contraindicated pada hewan yang yang melikan yang melikan yang melikan kaltang, yang arterial aneurysm. The Pengasila factory often warns of the effects of systemic pengasyl on liver and kidney failure.
Therefore, since ketamine has a bad effect on muscle relaxation, the drug should not be used only for major operations. Ketamine interacts with and affects the CSF (cerebrospinal fluid) .
Penguganan ketamine juga keta pendang is an intraocular amine with dry relative contact and is directed to a process involving the pharynx, larynx or trachea. Animals that lose large amounts of blood give The amount of ketones should be reduced.
Untuk meminimalkan response event response, recommended untuk meminimalkan open ( impact ) pada pemnanganan atau bunyi yang keras selama periode pendilakan ( recovery ).
Pemantuan Tanda made an important step in restoring peace in Tepat. Since ketamine can increase blood pressure, be careful when managing bleeding after surgery (such as bleeding).
Tidak diperkenankan pakanan pakan au air penangang disangari, namun pada optional process rekomandendisan untuk tidak member pakan pakan 6 jam sebelum disangari (Plumb, 2005).
Communication
Interactions Ketamine may interfere with narcotics, barbiturates or dizipam, and may interfere with reagents that cause ketamine anesthesia. When using halothane, the rate of recovery of ketones ( recovery ) is lengthened and the effect of the heart-stimulating effect of ketones is reduced.
Pemantuan territory may be recommended with ketamine dengangalotate. Chloramphenicol (dry parenteral) reduces anesthesia.
Ket Thyroid hormone can cause hypertension and tachycardia when combined with ketamine. Beta blockers (such as propranolol) have an effect.
Neuromuscular blockers (separately succinylcholine and tobucurarine) dapat kelamada penningkatan and perpanjangan respiratory depression (Plumb, 2005).
Antidotum obat untuk elasin adalah dopram (Sudisma, 2006). Bill (2012) reported that 9 out of 204 Anjing Young Dianetics Ketamine died, Jadi Risto Mataman Dari Penganangan Ketmin 4.41%.
Doze Obata Pada Hevan
Doz Penganangan Pada Anging.
- Diazepam 0.5 mg/kg IV, laluketamine 10 mg/kg IV for induction anesthesia (Booth 1988, Dallam Plumb 2005).
- midazolam 0.066-0.22 mg/kg IM or IV ketamine 6.6-11 mg/kg IM (Mandsager 1988, Dalam Plumb 2005).
- Xylazine 2.2 mg/kg intramuscularly, ketamine 11 mg/kg intramuscularly were administered for 10 minutes. 22.7 kg (50 kg), 25% of body weight (Booth 1988; Plumb 2005).
- Atropine (0.044 mg/kg) IM, xylazine (1.1 mg/kg) IM after 15 minutes, ketamine (22 mg/kg) IM after 5 minutes (Booth 1988, in Plumb 2005).
Sebagai katatan, ketamine/xilasin dapat menginduxi cardiac arrhythmia, pulmonary edema and respiratory depression. The drug should be thoroughly mixed (Plumb, 2005).
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