Judul : Operasi Enukleasi Bulbus Oculi pada Hewan
link : Operasi Enukleasi Bulbus Oculi pada Hewan
Operasi Enukleasi Bulbus Oculi pada Hewan
The eye has a good protective system such as the orbital cavity, eyelids and retrobulbar fatty tissue. In addition, there is a reaction to closing or blinking, the eyes are still affected by the outside world.
A common eye injury in animals affects the eyeball, optic nerve, and orbital cavity. Damage to the eye can cause vision problems.
The eyeball is located on the ground surrounded by hard bones. However, the damage can cause more damage to the eye than it should.
Most eye damage is minor, but even the ball can cause vision loss due to extensive debris from surrounding structures.
Insultion is a surgery to remove the eyeball. Ennucleus is often recommended for blind animals with diseases that are difficult to treat.
Translation
Inoculation operations are performed to extract pellets that cannot normally be processed. Animals undergoing veterinary surgery are commonly seen with eye disorders such as entropion, conjunctivitis, keratitis and cherry eye (third eyelid protein).
Eye disorder is chronic and the orbit around the eye looks dirty, so inoculation surgery is done for aesthetic reasons.
Some of the symptoms that accompany the eye disorder are swelling in the eye, inside the eye, the membrane above the eye, cloudy eyes, hard or soft eyes, eyelid irritation, swollen or watery eyes, abnormal eye movements, and eye discoloration. (Eldredge et al. 2008
Eyeball abnormalities can result from environmental or systemic effects. Eyeball changes or abnormalities can be unilateral and then bilateral. Microphthalmia is an eye disease associated with abnormalities of various eye structures. Microphthalmia is often caused by genetic or nutritional factors.
Another common disease is keratitis, which in mild or severe cases can range from mild visual impairment to white color to advanced conjunctivitis with blood clot formation (Eldredge et al., 2008).
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| Unilateral eye abnormalities in cats |
Surgery is surgery to remove or remove the eyeball. Isolation is often used to treat blind eyes and diseases that cannot be treated with medicine.
In the right situation, it is used as an option to relieve eye pain and remove neoplastic metastases.
Indications for enucleation include increased intraocular pressure due to medically intractable glaucoma, intraocular neoplasms with intraocular disease or metastasis, acute trauma due to corneal perforation or lens damage, exophthalmia (pain in the extraocular muscles), and retrobulbar disease.
According to Kahn (2005), eye contact can isolate retinal ganglion cells from axons. This condition can cause degeneration of the optic nerve and optic tract axons to the lateral geniculate nucleus.
The lateral geniculate nucleus is an important site in the visual pathway between the retina and the visual cortex. The lateral geniculate nucleus is involved in input from the retina, visual cortex, and other subcortical centers. Input from the retina to the lateral geniculate nucleus is mainly from the contralateral retina.
Indications for bulbus oculi enucleation
- Glaucoma is a disease that causes pain.
- Eye cancer is an infection or inflammation that cannot be treated with medication.
- Severe trauma.
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| Emergence after nuclear surgery. A 6-year-old pit bull with traumatic injury and glaucoma (No: www.veterinarypracticenews.com). |
Methods of repositioning and insulating the bulbous oculus
Before the operation, the animals were kept for 8-12 hours to remove the effects of anesthesia and to remove the stomach contents. Before anesthesia, IM atropine has been observed to induce tachycardia, prevent emesis, and prevent aspiration.
After 10 minutes, xylazine and ketamine were taken as anesthesia. The dose of xylazine for maintenance is based on the amount of xylazine and ketone, and the maintenance dose is given up to the 75th minute.
To prevent the use of xylazine and ketone in serum, the use of xylazine and ketone increased slightly (0.14 ml, should be 0.18 ml). Ketamine is used to induce anesthesia in animals during surgery.
Ketamine is a dissociative anesthetic and works on the frontal cortex, and ketamine has a small effect on the formation of the retina.
Ketamine is fast acting and causes unconsciousness, pain relief but also a catalytic phase of smooth muscle relaxation. At high doses, the eyes remain open and the pharynx and larynx react.
Excessive amounts of ketones can cause respiratory distress characterized by cyanosis and wheezing. Myoclonic jerks may occur when the animal is subjected to sound stimulation or manipulation during the recovery period.
Due to the effect of xyxin, the eyes remain open, and eye ointment can be given to prevent eye inflammation and swelling.
Agents used for anesthesia during nuclear surgery are ketamine HCl 10%, xylazine 2% and atropine sulfate as premedication. Anesthesia and premedication were adjusted for animal body weight. After the animal is anesthetized, the hair around the eyes is shaved.
The shaved area was then washed thoroughly with soap and water, swabbed with 70% alcohol cotton, and disinfected from the inside out with a 3% iodine solution.
After that, it is placed on the operating table in the ventrodorsal decubitus/supine position, which secures the animal by tying its four legs with ropes.
It starts with a simple stitch between the upper and lower eyelids to close the eyelids. Then an incision is made on the skin around the eyelid in a 360° direction.
Amputation can be done with sharp cuts and cuts on the extraocular muscles. Then the external muscles attached to the sclera are cut.
The optic nerve and blood vessels are ligated with clamps and 3-0 or 4-0 sutures, and then the optic nerve and blood vessels can be cut.
The final step is closure of the extraocular muscles, periorbita, subcutaneous tissues and skin with simple sutures and closure of the orbital space and subcutaneous tissue with 4-0 absorbable sutures and skin or skin sutures from n-5 6. . - 0, using continuous embroidery.
near the nucleus of the bulbus oculi
Inoculation surgery can be performed using two procedures: the subconjunctival approach and the transpalpebral approach.
The main goal of the subconjunctival approach is to remove the globe, the nictitating membrane and a small part of the eyelid, helping the tissue to free the eyeball from debris to preserve aesthetic conditions.
The advantage of a subconjunctival approach is that the integrity of the optic nerve and blood vessels makes it easier to minimize damage to the optic chiasm.
Subconjunctival enucleation surgery is performed to remove all the lacrimal glands, because if they are not removed, the remaining glands produce tears and the tears cannot be removed, so the air finds another way to create a gap in the surface. Spread on the carpet.
Inoculation surgery via the transpalpebral approach is commonly used to reduce surface-to-contact infection, and the transpalpebral approach is easy to use.
The disadvantage of the transpalpebral approach is a lot of bleeding, and postoperative eye surgery with a transpalpebral approach leads to sunken eyes.
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| Giving anesthesia to the patient |
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Congestion of bulbous oculi |
Surgical procedure for bulbus oculi enucleation in dogs
How to get rid of cherry eye cases in dogs
After surgery, bulbous oculus insulation
After surgery, animals were treated with amoxicillin 0.84 ml twice a day for up to 5 days.
Postoperative care on days 1 and 2 focuses on the surgical eye area, with the goal of reducing fluid accumulation that may interfere with healing.
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| Oculi Bulbus enucleation before and after surgery (Image: pictaram.com) |
to close
Animal decapitation surgery is strongly recommended for several reasons. For example, insulation is necessary to relieve the pain of non-functioning eyes. However, post-operative care should also be taken into account, so that serious complications do not occur with enucleation surgery .
Ref
Enucleation, eye - procedure, recovery, removal, pain, complications, timing, infection, surgery, accessed on September 27, 2013.
Anonymous: 2011. http://dawibo.wordpress.com/2011/03/28/enucleasi-pada-mata-kucat/accessed September 27, 2013.
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