Judul : Pemeriksaan Darah Automated Blood Counter (case report)
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Pemeriksaan Darah Automated Blood Counter (case report)
The examination of the hematological examination aims to determine certain conditions that are consistent with the hematopoietic system. The sical hematopoietic system of berwajal macham sol yan shalbe sol - sol which circulates in the blood tsikkal, tsikal tsikal (precursor) in the bone marrow and sol - sal mordanonny in dzharingan.
Hematopoietic system status
Blood can be divided into 2, namely: liquid tissue which contains blood plasma (as much as 55%) and naturally blood sols/darlins-granules of blood (solid elements, equal to 45%).
Blood volume is generally approximately 1/12 of body weight. In a healthy rate / normal volume of blood is fixed and to some extent regulated by the osmotic barrier in the blood megsul and tsengor.
Parts of the blood can reach:
1. Plasma Virgin
In the blood plasma there is "plasma" and "serum", the plasma itself is compressed from this non-freezing liquid because it contains more protein.
Plasma is obtained from the liquid part of the blood by allowing the blood to be added with "anticoagulants" (brown in color).
While Serum has less protein than boiled blood. This serum is obtained from the liquid portion of the blood obtained by quenching the blood which is not added with "anticoagulant" (dzhernih).
2. Salt - Salt Dara
A. Erythritis
Red blood salts or erythrocytes are the most palisade components of the blood-forming elements. Erythrocytes function to transport oxygen to cells throughout the body and carbon dioxide exposure to the lungs.
Erythrocytes are formed in various places, namely:
- Baby: yolk sac (yellow sac).
- Young (reticulocytes): red bone marrow (femur, vertebrae), liver, spleen.
- Old: bone marrow = ribs, sternum, vertebrae, clavicle, scapula, turban, pelvis, liver, scapula etc.
In the erythrocyte stage, there is an important chemical in the layer called hemoglobin.
Hemoglobin is a similar compound of elements containing substances that are packed with heme en protein containing globulins.
Hemoglobin has an Affinites (binding capacity) to oxygen as maximum as oxyhemoglobin.
It is as if the characteristics of the red blood cells themselves are:
- Damast steel shaped (when viewed from above), biconcave (from sumpping), has no core (mammals), core (poultry).
- Size varies depending on animal species 4-13 microns
- The amount of red blood salt varies, depending on the spices of the animal from 2-14 million.
- The site of blood salt formation is in the bone marrow
The site of degradation (destruction) of red blood salts is in the spleen and liver. In the liver, hemoglobin is converted to bile dye or bilirubin, while iron sometimes gives rise to bone marrow as a new bone-forming material.
Salt blood meet (erythrocytes) has several parts that will be described in the following scheme, namely:
 |
| blood sole microscope |
B. Leukocytosis
White blood cells are formed in the ossa plana / flat bones. Leukosis only lasts a matter of weeks. The shape of kegurum leukocytes is not fixed like amoeba. The diameter of a white blood cell is 9-15 microns. white blood salt is not clear, clear mucus.
In Etapia mm3 get 8000 white prize salt. Jan Damaged White Blood Will Be Expelled Together With Jan's Dead Germs And Released Melawi Abscess (Nana).
White blood salts / leukocytes are divided into 2 parts, namely granulocytes and agranulocytes. The agrunolozoites begin with lymphocytes and then monocytes. Sanghe that kasamut yalakh granulitis is neurophilic, eosinophilic, and basophilic.
1. Agrinolozoites
lymphocytes
has a special feature that is the plasma membrane is absent. In vertebrates there are 2 salt lymphocytes, namely B lymphocytes and then T lymphocytes. Lymphocytes are made in the bone marrow and liver (in fetuses). At first all lymphocytes are the same, but then they become differentiated from the B or T cells. The formation of these 2 cells is stimulated from the site of maturation.
Lymphocytes that move from the bone marrow mendiku become sol T. Thengakan lymphocytes that remain in the bone marrow mendiku become sol B. Lymph funcion produces antibodies to foreign substances that enter.
Relatively agrunolocytes in sufficient numbers in the blood of mammals and treads. Lymphoids form in tissues (lymph nodes, spleen, etc.). Lymphocytes contain mixed antibodies and toxins, more than one human can not contain phagocytosis. They have amoeboid movements.
monocytes
has special characteristics, namely the shape of the core is like a bean and the location of the core is slightly sideways. Monocytes are effective phagocytes. monocytes circulate in the blood for several hours, then to tsorken.
In the tissue monocytes develop into macrophages. Bear macrophages are amoeboid and can stretch pseudopodia to attract microbes.
Microbes are trapped and then destroyed by enzymes. Mebutane is a transition salt and is a large mononuclear leukocyte. In The Blood In Limited Amounts.
This salt is large and has a single core. good, then phagocytosis is active. It comes from the salt-salt SRE (Reticulous Endothelial System).
2. Granulation
neutrophil
has special characteristics, namely the color of the plasma is not scattered colors and a segmented nucleus.
Neutrophiles can vomit amoeboidally from the blood and enter the infected kerkan and muzhak microbe hell. Neuhrophile Motion Occurs Due To Chemical Signals From The Inspected Area.
eosinophilic
has a special feature that is red colored plasma. salt is large and contains granules (red in Giemsa paint) in the cytoplasm; which can be painted in an acidic manner and with two polymorphs.
The amount in the normal blood of animals is slightly higher in cases of acute allergies, parasitic, bacterial, yeast and Ag-Ab infections.
Salt in contains histaminase and can release serotonin, and has non-phagocytosis properties. Made in bone marrow.
basophil
has a special feature that is blue colored Plasma. Basophilic granules contain histamine.
Histamine is a chemical signal that will be released when there is injury and inflammation. Basophils are thought to be involved in allergic reactions or against incoming foreign proteins.
C. thrombosis
The form of lungjong thrombosis is flat, irregular, colorless, no nucleus in small meninges. Diameter ±2-4 m. In every mm3 there are 25,000 -45,000 pieces of cow blood. Platelets make up the liver, spleen and bone marrow. The lifespan of the platelets is 8-11 days.
Platelets have some fungi in the animal's body. Its main function is to prevent bleeding when there is an injury.
During the blood coagulation process, platelets become very active and can remove the enzyme thrombokinase (thromboplastin) which is very active in the blood coagulation process. In the case of thrombocytopenia, the number of platelets will decrease, there is a barrier of blood coagulation, and it will take a very long time.
So platelets wait for hemostasis and thrombosis (blood clots in blood megula).
In the Hematology examination, there are several abnormalities/abnormalities that are common in erythrocytes, these abnormalities include:
1. Stoned abnormally
- Macrocytosis: An increase in the erythrocyte population to normal erythrocytes. Erythrositis in this disorder will be hypochromic. Macrocytosis can be teratika due to iron deficiency and liver appearance in dogs.
- Microcytosis: an increase in the erythrocyte population in blood vessels with a size smaller than normal erythrocytes. Often occurs in earlier erythropoiesis due to the abundance of salt-salt young erythrocytes.
2. Anomaly warning
- Polychromy: teratika due to erythropoiesis.
- Hypochromia: pale erythrocytes in the center, about a third of their diameter. This is a result of low Hb content, Fe deficiency and impaired hemoglobin concentration. Blood examination showed a decrease in MCH.
3. Abnormal shape
- Elliptocytes or Ovalocytes: found in patients suffering from myelofibrosis and also have an abnormal structure in the erythrocyte membrane protein.
- Target salt: silver regenerative anemia in, or in iron deficiency.
- Acanthocyte: a mixed syringe in dogs provides lymph or liver function.
- Schistositis (erythrocyte fragments): irregular erythrocytes.
- Red blood shriveled (toothed) salt: erythrocytes with shriveled cytoplasm and usually tadana when using the anticoagulant EDTA.
- Dentistry: because of the innate word of the erythrocyte membrane.
- Spherocytes: erythrocytes have a diameter smaller than normal, without a centralized halo and have a lighter color. Spherocytes are svetto in immune hemolytic animeasia.
- Poikilositis: and a tuwanaan field of view of erythrocyte sukuk in the peripheral blood cycle. Or in newborn calves or in cases of anemia with iron deficiency.
Hematology In Case sings the word that sounds "ANEMIA". Anemia is a disease, but the treatment of pathology and diagnostic problems.
Clinical signs of anemia are due to oxygen supply (depression, weakness, etc. tachypenia). In animals suffering from anemia, a hematological examination will find:
- Lowering blood salt blood (RBC, Hb or PCV) in the blood circulation.
- Changes in RBC, Hb and PCV Jan Usually it means dry bids.
Anemia based on classic morphology:
Classification | CVD | ICSU |
normochromic normotic | ||
Macrocytic hypochromic | a little | Rent |
Macrocytic normochromic | a little | |
hypochromic micro site | Rent | Rent |
Normochromic microsites | Rent | |
Normocytic hypochromic | Rent |
In interpreting the results, the exact number of erythrocytes/PCV/Hematocrit values and the accuracy of Hb levels will be consistent with the MCV, MCH and MCHC levels. PVC packaging is indicated for the detection of polycythemia (in the case of PVC) and anemia (in forced PVC).
MCV reclamation can be used as an indicator of large (macrocytic) and small (microcytic) erythrocyte exchange rates. MCH and MCHC are used as clinical indications for the absence of an average Hb level in erythrocytes of detectable (hypochromasia) or normal (normochromasia).
Based on the results of the interpretation of the number of leukocytes, the number of leukocytes will be equal to the number of WBC and differential leukocyte counts. WBC is the total leukocyte count in the animal body. Reporting of differential leukemia up to 2 years:
- The relative value in percent (%) of each type of Leukocytes.
- The absolute value of the number of each type of Leukocytes.
In the interpretation of the results, the number of thrombosis will be independent of the MPV. MPV can be used as an indicator of the size of large platelets when the MVP value will be high or the size of small platelets where the MVP value will decrease.
D. Mother and Step Work
Ingredient
the blood of a three year old female Ameru dog who is clinically ill.
Blood tube containing EDTA.
 |
| Automatic blood counter. |
long work
- Press the hard on/off button on the back of the engine until the front panel light changes from red to green. The machine will then start to dry automatically. Done will start oguga results to check the engine display on the screen. Value does not exceed GB: 0.2; RBC: 0.01 giving PLT: 5
- Inserted veterinary smart card labeled with dog image, then press start button.
- Pressed Lottery ID. Filled with ID with a maximum of 13 char.
- After the ID is filled in, click on the button and enter for the past identity identifier and on the screen display the words "Click on the selection bar" will appear. Needle sampling will come out.
- A tube filled with blood was placed as the tip of the machine needle was submerged in blood.
- Trial bar Press or start button and the machine will automatically analyze the blood.
- When the indicator light stops salaam and the red panel lights salaam, the blood tube is salaam.
- After checking the print results by the machine, the light panel will light up and the machine will be ready to be used again.
Testing Results
 |
| test results |
differential leukemia
Relatively Lymphitis: 24.28 12.0-30.0 - Monocytes: 4.1% 3.0-10 - Granulitis: 71.1H% 60.0-70 | Very Lymphocytes: 1.9 l 10 3 /mm 3 12.0–3.6 - Monocytes: 0.34 l 10 3 /mm 3 3.0-0.5 - Granulocytes: 5.7 10 3 / mm 3 3.0-10.0 |
On the results of the Hematology examination, the following results were obtained:
- WBC (leukocytes / method of administration of salt). Result: normal
- red blood cells (erythrocytes). Result: normal
- HGB (genoglobin). Result: normal
- HCT (Hematocrit) Result: Below normal, the ratio of total red blood cell volume and total protein is lower than the total blood volume
- PLT (platelets/thrombosis). Result: Under normal, an indication of bleeding
- CVD. Result: Under Normal, Erythrocytes that make up the volume are stretched, the pulse will be small. This is the case with "microsite".
- MCH. Results: Below Normal, the number of Hb levels in the blood results is low. Erythrocytes that have low Hb levels will have a different color than erythrocytes. This is because Hb will be merbi color on RBC. The color RBC will fart. RBC young total Hb nja lace lemada blood color that is less red and sing with "hypochromic".
- IBSC. Results: Under Normal, Total Hb Levels In Each Blood Sout Shows Low Jan Results.
- RDV. Result: normal
- MPV. Result: Above normal, which means high volume rat thrombosis. Thrombosis with a high MVP indicates a large size thrombosis.
- lymphocytosis. Result :D
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