Judul : Radiologi Thoraks pada Hewan
link : Radiologi Thoraks pada Hewan
Radiologi Thoraks pada Hewan
A radiograph is an image recorded on a special film consisting of an image structure and an X-ray body
Sato chest X-ray is one of the many methods available for testing the respiratory system and cardiovascular system.
Indications are chest radiography, intrathoracic examination and detection of systemic disease. Chest radiography is used to determine the presence of disease, the location of the disease, the type of lesion and the extent of the lesion, providing details of the diagnosis, differentiation and progression of the lesion.
Chest X-ray shows lateral, dorsoventral (DV) and ventral ventral (VD) extensions. On the lateral X-ray location the beam is very precise right on the 5th rib and the sternum position with the spine must be parallel, right lateral on the expan radiograph because of the ease of implementation.
The lateral position is very important for direct viewing of changes in the heart and blood vessels, and the lateral view projection from the peak of inspiration is usually only used in cases of pulmonary disease.
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| Intake lateral position (Kerry) |
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| Intake side position (Canan) |
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| Abdominal intake position (VD) |
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| Acquisition of dorsal ventral (DV) position |
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| Shooting brutal apparatus |
Table 1. Normal values of mAs, kVp, and length of time during network surveillance or wa
TIDAC, BADA Kessel Animal Chest radiography
X-ray of the Thorax in the Respiratory Section
1. Trachea
Anatomically a tube that runs from the larynx to the right and left of the main trachea above the base of the tracheal sac taxadic from the ring sieve of the Descent Cartilage with the connective tircon. Evaluation of the trachea is pale laterally easy on the Nakaram, but the VD Kudya Nakaram for assessment of density.
Ukrainian regular In the lumen of the trachea as big as the thumb, Sanghe Tracheal diameter is smaller than the diameter of the throat and wide at 1/3 near the ribs.
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| Trachea x-ray image |
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| Expiration of inhaled tracheal light |
2. bronchus
The bronchiales are the main trunks of the tracheal branches, as sukkur to netorkan lungs on both sides of the chest. .
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| Bronchi X-ray images |
3. Chest
The lungs of lopus keri are divided into two lobes, namely cranial to tail. The cranial lobes are divided into the cranial (apical) and caudal (heart) cecum.
The right lobe of the lung is divided into four namely cranial (apical), middle (heart), caudal (diaphragm), and accessory (azygomaticus), and the lobes of the lungs are separated from each other by interlobular spaces.
Standard chest radiographs show right lateral, left lateral, ventral (VD), and dorsoventral (DV) lung presentations.
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| Light appears Image - appears |
4. Scroll
Based on its anatomy, the diaphragm is a muscle-tendon layer that separates the abdominal cavity from the chest, based on embryology, the diaphragm consists of a transverse diaphragm, mesentery in front of the ventral front and mesentery de foregut (during passage).
The presence of the diaphragm of a line depends on the position of the animal, the respiratory cycle, the position of the roentgen and the animal, the width of the radiograph, the diaphragm depends on the species, breed, location of the animal, the position of the X-ray bit, on, on, on the diaphragm.
The radiographic appearance of the diaphragm varies from dorsoventral (DV) or ventral (VD) depending on the focus of the X-ray. The cranial and more swollen diaphragms are located laterally, dorsoventrally or ventrally in the cup of nappac.
The diaphragm can be seen in the form of a domed structure, or two or three folded domes. The triple structure is the prayer of the dome and the spoken crore.
A dorsoventral or ventral dome-shaped view of the diaphragm can be seen using an X-ray beam aimed at the mid-abdomen or mid-thigh.
Two or three separate dome structures can be seen in the ventral-thoracic position in the middle of the thigh using an oblique radiograph, or on a ventral view with an oblique radiograph with an oblique focus in the center of the abdomen.
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| X-ray diagram of a bell |
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| X-ray diagram of a bell |
5. jojoba
There are two types of lung and parietal namely pleural. The pulmonary pleura is called the visceral pleura, and the surrounding parenchyma is visible.
The parietal pleura is divided into three parts.
The pleural margins are distinct from the left and the right are distinct nodes, so that each field is long with ribs, diaphragm, medstinum, and expelled lungs. the pleural space potential justice of the space between the parietal pleura, the lung lobes, and between the lung pleural legs in the interlobar space.
A normal dry pleura is not seen except in the mediastinum and mediastinum mirrors such as the caudoventral portion. The attenuated pulmonary pleura between the sinuses is not visible because the black kidney is adjacent to the soft tissues.
The pulmonary pleura is surrounded by intrapulmonary air that reaches the cells in the lobes, providing contrast, but the pleura is too thin and generally does not absorb enough X-rays to produce the opacity that can be seen on radiographs. Blurry in the thin lines of the pleura sometimes seen between the lobes. This appearance can be considered pleural thickening.
6. Mediastinum
The mediastinum is where the pleura meets the pleura, heart, great vessels, esophagus and other structures, and the lungs are separated from each other.
The ventral mediastinum and the dorsal flank of the pleura, the mediastinum can be more than the cranial, mediastinum, and caudal portions, and the sections have, respectively, a ventral and a dorsal portion of the compartment.
The mediastinal distance between the two pleural sacs that contain the thymus gland, heart, trachea, esophagus, and blood vessels exiting the jungtung and ananya.
On a lateral view, a radial shadow structure of the mediastinal portion of the cranial mediastinum is visible, whereas in the ventral or dorsoventral mediastinum, most of the cranial mediastinum compresses the spine, and the mediastinum is usually less than wide. from the mediastinum.
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| X-ray mediastinum |
Cardiovascular chest X-ray pillow
Strengthens the cardiovascular system. In the cardiovascular system, many of the work of the body's organs and the beating of large blood vessels are continuous, the following are blood beats which are generally closely related to the cardiovascular system.
1. Hang
The heart is located between the two sides of the chest (thorax), surrounded by the lungs, and within it is a structure called the mediastinum, and consists of a separate pump, namely the right heart, which pumps blood to the lungs. , and other parts that pump the peripheral organs. Each separate part of the heart is the two beating chambers of the Pumpa, consisting of at least one atrium and one ventricle.
Cantung prays for separate circulation, the first is where the lungs are where blood is pumped to the lungs to convert carbon dioxide into oxygen, from the second circulation into oxygen, from the second circulation to the blood flowing into the systemic circulation.
Cantung usually weighs about 0.7% to 0.8%, although it is related to gender, age, ethnicity, and activity level.
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| heart x-ray |
2. Pulmonary arteries
The pulmonary arteries carry blood that leaks carbon dioxide from the right ventricle until it is visible. The main pulmonary artery (MPA) originates from the level of the pulmonary valve, the dorsocaudal arch to the left of the aorta and the left dorsal auricle.
The main pulmonary arteries form the left and right overlapping pulmonary arteries, the lobes of which send blood to each other. The pulmonary arteries separate the bronchi and bronchi. Elevation of the ligamentum arteriovenous ligament from the pulmonary artery to the aorta
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| Schematic of the location of the blood beat and jungtung space in the dorso-ventral position |
3. aorta
The aorta consists of the ascending aorta, the ascending aorta (aortic arch), and the descending aorta.
The ascending aorta originates from the cranial nucleus, which drains just behind the right ventricular tissue, whereas the ascending aorta begins when the aorta is full of tissue, and then the aorta.
The aorta is located behind the dorsal descending mediastinum. Birkabangan aorta (aortic arch) Mangadi Dua Ilyak external and common iliac arteries Hania de Bawa vertebrae Ki-six Or ki Togoh.
4. Pericardium
The fibrous edge is thickened and is called the pericardium. The pericardium protruding from the cranial arteries to the veins protected by the sternum is present in all mammals, but its fixation to the diaphragm differs in each species.
The pericardium is divided into fibrous and serous pericardium. The fibrous pericardium is attached to the outside of the pericardium, and the serous pericardium is the second boundary after the fibrous pericardium and the pericardium and epicardium.
Damage to the serous and fibrous pericardium is associated with the normal pericardium.
The second layer of the serous pericardium, after the fibrous pericardium, is called the parietal layer, and the inner layer is called the visceral layer.
Fiancé
Kealy J K. 1979. Diagnostic radiology of dogs and cats. WB Sa Saunders Company
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