Judul : Syok Anafilaktik (Anaphylactic Shock) pada Hewan
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Syok Anafilaktik (Anaphylactic Shock) pada Hewan
Anaphylactic shock is something that can happen to both humans and animals. The concept of anaphylaxis comes from the observations of French physiologist Charles Richet in 1902 on the effect of actin toxin on blood pressure in dogs.
Anaphylactic shock is a classic example of an immediate hypersensitivity reaction, which can be defined as failure of the peripheral circulation caused by an antigen-antibody reaction.
Anaphylaxis is a severe and febrile allergic reaction that can be fatal.
Severe anaphylaxis is characterized by a generalized allergic reaction affecting multiple systems, particularly the cardiovascular, respiratory, skin, and gastrointestinal tract, and is an immune response that precedes previous allergic exposure.
identification
Anaphylaxis comes from the Greek word ma, meaning beyond evolution, protection. Vulnerability means removal of protection.
Allergy is a common allergic response that affects multiple organ systems, particularly the cardiovascular system, respiratory system, skin, and gastrointestinal tract, and is an immune response that occurs before exposure to a previously sensitized substance.
Anaphylactic shock is a classic example of an immediate hypersensitivity reaction, which can be defined as failure of the peripheral circulation caused by an antigen-antibody reaction.
Currently, the term allergy is the best term used to describe a rapid, common, and often unexpected event-related immune response that occurs in an animal following prior sensitization to a specific substance.
Anaphylactoid reactions are clinically identical to symptoms involving a similar mediator, but are not triggered by IgE antibodies and do not require prior exposure.
Anaphylactic shock can occur in animals such as cows, dogs, cats, rabbits and other animals.
symptoms (symptoms)
In dogs, cattle, rabbits and other animals, the symptoms of anaphylactic shock are severe, that is, their condition worsens, the animal's lungs fill with fluid, the animal breathes with its mouth open and its tongue sticks out, and the animal often walks backwards, more Try to breathe deeply.
In the later stages, you may hear moaning and bloody foam from the mouth and nose, followed by collapse and death.
Cause(s) of anaphylactic shock.
In general, anaphylactic shock in dogs, cattle, rabbits and other animals, there are many causes of anaphylactic shock, such as insect allergens, snake venom and bee stings, some drugs, local treatment of parasites and environmental allergens (mushrooms, pollen, grass), etc. ) chemicals, dust etc).
Disease progression
Anaphylactic shock usually occurs within 10 to 20 minutes of injection or exposure to the allergen. It may take up to two hours for sensitivity to appear.
When the antigen used for this technique is injected, anaphylactic shock (Arthus phenomenon), which is manifested by acute inflammation in vaccinated animals, occurs under similar conditions when antigen and antibody meet in tissue.
The specificity of the response depends on the site of irritant entry, which is the vascular system in one instance and the tissue cavity in the other, and the concentration of antigens and antibodies in sensitive tissues.
Substances called allergens are foreign and harmful to the dog's immune system. Initial exposure to an allergen may be physical contact, inhalation, or immune changes that alert the dog's body to subsequent exposure to the same allergen.
After re-exposure, these components are mediated by the dog's immune system, where they are synthesized together and called "inflammatory mediators". Situations can turn critical within minutes. Many animals survive, but severe cases can die very quickly.
medical treatment
Some medications that can be given to animals with anaphylactic shock include:
- epinephrine; This adrenaline should be given immediately and may need to be repeated depending on the patient's response. Intravenous (IV), intramuscular (IM), or subcutaneous (sub-Q) administration of adrenaline is preferable to oral administration.
- Flunixin meglumine (50 mg/mL) can be given at a dose of 1-2 cc per 100 lbs.
- infusion liquid.
- corrosive agent.
References:
Troy Smith. 2012. Preparation for anaphylaxis. Angus Gazette
Chocolate is back. 1995. Anaphylactic shock: mechanism and treatment. Department of Emergency Medicine, Royal Brisbane Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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